山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)健康管理團(tuán)隊(duì)揭示空巢老人超重與焦慮的關(guān)系
我國(guó)是當(dāng)今世界老年人口最多的國(guó)家,，同時(shí)也是世界老齡化進(jìn)程最為迅速的國(guó)家之一,。根據(jù)老齡委相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),，截至2017年底,，我國(guó)60歲及以上老年人口數(shù)量已達(dá)2.4億,，約占總?cè)丝诘?7.3%,。預(yù)計(jì)到2030年,，我國(guó)老年人口將超過(guò)3億,，“未富先老”的老齡化難題亟需解決,。提高老年人健康水平是積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老年化的重要支撐,，尤其關(guān)注其心理健康已成為實(shí)現(xiàn)“積極老齡化、健康老齡化”目標(biāo)必須研究和解決的重要課題之一,。BMI是影響焦慮癥狀的重要因素,，但目前研究多集中在青少年群體，而此種關(guān)系在老年群體中也同樣值得重點(diǎn)關(guān)注,。
2019年4月山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)健康管理團(tuán)隊(duì)在International journal of geriatric psychiatry發(fā)表題為“Are overweight people more susceptible to anxiety,？”文章。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，山西省空巢老人焦慮癥狀檢出率為44.5%,，其中男性為43.2%,，女性為45.9%。調(diào)整人口學(xué)變量,、日常飲食健康注重度,、自理能力和抑郁等因素后，超重空巢老人發(fā)生焦慮的可能性是正常體重空巢老人發(fā)生的81.3%(OR=0.813,95%CIs=0.692-0.954),，且體重指數(shù)與焦慮存在性別差異,，僅女性超重與焦慮發(fā)生關(guān)系有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(OR=0.718,95%CIs=0.572-0.901)。此外,，收入,、受教育程度、生活自理能力和抑郁也是焦慮癥狀的重要影響因素,。提示政府,、媒體和相關(guān)專家超重是女性空巢老人患焦慮的保護(hù)性因素，應(yīng)采取措施改變以往存在的體重偏見,，切實(shí)提高空巢老人的身心健康水平和生活質(zhì)量,。
Table1 Logistic regression analysis of anxiety among empty nesters in Shanxi, China
Independent variables |
Total（N = 4901） |
Male（N = 2546） |
Female（N = 2355） |
|
Region |
0.981 (0.835,1.153) |
0.909 (0.728,1.136) |
1.069 (0.842,1.357) |
|
Education (Reference = No) |
|
|
|
|
|
Primary school |
0.844 (0.711,1.003) |
0.607 (0.470,0.783)*** |
1.124 (0.886,1.426) |
|
Secondary school |
0.896 (0.733,1.095) |
0.693 (0.523,0.918)* |
1.113 (0.830,1.492) |
|
High school |
0.864 (0.659,1.133) |
0.640 (0.444,0.921)* |
1.152 (0.758,1.751) |
|
Junior college |
0.766 (0.455,1.290) |
0.450 (0.230,0.8790* |
1.530 (0.642,3.646) |
|
University or higher |
0.977 (0.603,1.583) |
0.521 (0.276,0.986)* |
2.066 (0.965,4.421) |
|
BMI (Reference = Normal) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underweight (<18.5) |
1.110 (0.897,1.374) |
1.116 (0.818,1.523) |
1.115 (0.829,1.499) |
|
Overweight (324.0) |
0.813 (0.692,0.954)* |
0.920 (0.732,1.155) |
0.718 (0.572,0.901)** |
|
Monthly income (Reference = No) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Low (<1000RMB) |
1.076 (0.905,1.280) |
1.059 (0.820,1.368) |
1.089 (0.857,1.382) |
|
Middle (1000–3000RMB) |
0.906 (0.749,1.096) |
0.893 (0.679,1.172) |
0.923 (0.703,1.211) |
|
High (>3000RMB) |
0.643 (0.490,0.844)*** |
0.617 (0.432,0.880)* |
0.681 (0.431,1.074) |
|
Attention to daily nutritional health (Reference = No at all) |
|
|
|
|
|
No |
1.304 (0.875,1.945) |
1.325 (0.769,2.285) |
1.247 (0.690,2.254) |
|
Yes, somewhat |
1.311 (0.885,1.942) |
1.346 (0.786,2.306) |
1.246 (0.698,2.224) |
|
Yes, very much |
1.412 (0.929,2.146) |
1.607 (0.899,2.871) |
1.205 (0.654,2.220) |
|
Self-care ability (Reference = Unable) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partial |
0.470 (0.213,1.034) |
0.286 (0.079,1.034) |
0.626 (0.223,1.757) |
|
Complete |
0.220 (0.101,0.477)*** |
0.137 (0.038,0.487)** |
0.278 (0.101,0.764)* |
|
Depression (Reference = No) |
10.955 (9.507,12.623)*** |
11.288 (9.255,13.768)*** |
10.733 (8.752,13.164)*** |
|
Constant |
0.785 |
1.665 |
0.498 |
|
R2 |
0.389 |
0.406 |
0.379 |
|
Table2 The association between anxiety and BMI stratified by age among empty nesters
Independent variables |
Total（N = 4901） |
60~（N = 2440） |
70~（N = 1910） |
80~（N = 551） |
BMI(Reference = Normal) |
|
|
|
|
Underweight (<18.5) |
1.111(0.898,1.375) |
1.123(0.807,1.562) |
1.231(0.879,1.724) |
0.964(0.563,1.650) |
Overweight (≥24.0) |
0.807(0.687,0.948)** |
0.823(0.659,1.028) |
0.710(0.541,0.930)* |
1.039(0.622,1.737) |
山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)健康團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人張持晨為文章的第一及通信作者，山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)管理學(xué)院碩士研究生李咪咪為文章第二作者,。該研究得到國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金,、山西省高等學(xué)校人文社會(huì)科學(xué)重點(diǎn)研究基地項(xiàng)目、山西省留學(xué)回國(guó)人員科技活動(dòng)擇優(yōu)資助項(xiàng)目,、山西省回國(guó)留學(xué)人員科研資助項(xiàng)目和山西省軟科學(xué)研究計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目的資助,。
